David Koch, RIP

It was announced on Friday August 23 that David Koch, former Vice President of Koch Industries, had died. It is unknown which physical ailment ended up killing him, but apparently he had more than one. But David and his brother Charles were best known for applying their vast wealth, and influence with other wealthy people, towards the libertarian movement, which has had a broad degree of influence on right-wing politics without actually taking over the Republican wing of America’s duopoly. In particular, the Kochs fund Reason Magazine, which I’ve always considered to be a fair and useful information source, even if it is sometimes “glibertarian.”

He had donated hundreds of millions of dollars to public television, museums, and cancer research, especially after his own cancer diagnosis. Even Mother Jones had enough regard to mention this side of his public life.

The Reason obituary has an interesting little remark where Brian Doherty implies that Koch’s reason for his limited engagement with third-party politics was mostly practical: “In the 1980 presidential campaign, when recently imposed campaign finance restrictions hobbled third parties’ abilities to fundraise by severely limiting how much any single donor could give, David Koch took advantage of the fact that the rules allowed candidates themselves to self-finance as they wished: He became the Libertarian Party’s vice presidential nominee. He and running mate Ed Clark got more than 1 percent of the vote, a party record that would go unbroken until 2016. ”

In a certain respect, Koch was ahead of his time, preceding billionaire Ross Perot’s self-funded celebrity campaign for president 12 years later. Of course neither Koch nor Perot gamed the system as well as Donald Trump, who did the same thing with politics that he did with his private career: run up huge tabs and expect the creditors to pay for them.

Doherty had previously quoted Koch in his book Radicals for Capitalism, where he said that after the 1980 campaign, he saw politicians as “actors playing out of a script.” From that point, the Kochs took the conventional route for wealthy men in politics: hiring the actors to play out their scripts.

Not only had the Koch Brothers supported numerous rising conservative lights like Scott Walker and Ted Cruz, they had disavowed the rising populist Tea Party movement. David Koch had repeatedly said that while he had sympathy to the Tea Party movement, he’d never been approached by their people and had no involvement with it.

As Ron Howard might say, this is not entirely true. One of the more developed exposes of the Koch political network was Jane Mayer’s 2010 article for The New Yorker, and it pointed out, for one thing, that one of the organizations within Americans for Prosperity (a group founded by David Koch) had hosted an anti-Obama event in July 2010. Peggy Venable, an organizer for the July summit, was at the time an employee of Americans for Prosperity and had also been part of other Koch-funded groups. “And she noted that Americans for Prosperity had provided Tea Party activists with lists of elected officials to target. She said of the Kochs, “They’re certainly our people. David’s the chairman of our board. I’ve certainly met with them, and I’m very appreciative of what they do.” Mayer also quotes former Reaganite Bruce Bartlett as saying ““The problem with the whole libertarian movement is that it’s been all chiefs and no Indians. There haven’t been any actual people, like voters, who give a crap about it. So the problem for the Kochs has been trying to create a movement.” With the emergence of the Tea Party, he said, “everyone suddenly sees that for the first time there are Indians out there—people who can provide real ideological power.” The Kochs, he said, are “trying to shape and control and channel the populist uprising into their own policies.”

This premise of control is a consistent theme with the Kochs. I’d already pointed out that as part of their need to preserve their fossil-fuel based industrial empire, the Kochs are among the primary deniers of anthropogenic climate change, to the extent of fighting both state and private initiatives for green energy. Their secrecy in regard to their activities includes their denial of interviews to most journalists, including Mayer. In the case of Doherty, Mayer quotes David Koch’s comment to him: ““If we’re going to give a lot of money, we’ll make darn sure they spend it in a way that goes along with our intent,” he told Doherty. “And if they make a wrong turn and start doing things we don’t agree with, we withdraw funding.”

Anybody who actually read Atlas Shrugged knows that in that book, the government was not so much the main enemy as the enforcer for people like James Taggart who used their influence with government to preserve their privileges by force. In a certain respect, both libertarians and socialists are right: Big Government AND Big Business are the enemy, because Big Government usually acts at the behest of Big Business. Which is why I would count the Kochs as libertarian-sympathetic but not entirely a good for libertarianism: The premise of libertarianism is the release of controls on the individual – from public OR private authorities – and the mindset of the Kochs is the mindset of control freaks.

It is this need for control that undermines not only libertarianism in theory but libertarianism in practice and perception, as for all the genuine charity and socially progressive policies of the Kochs as individuals and as company representatives, they are far more exercised in harnessing government than restricting it, and their influence has been far more concentrated in removing restrictions on their business (regulations and ‘progressive’ taxes) than on individuals (with, say, the fact that one of our country’s main businesses is the prison industry). In their case at least, “liberty” primarily means the right of a corporation to do whatever it wants without consequences or concern for the environment (either the literal environment or the culture). And there is a reason why liberals always use the Koch Brothers as their go-to, Captain Planet-villain-caricature of what all libertarians really are, because the Koch Brothers are really like this.

It’s akin to the “Faustian bargain” that the Good Christians (TM) of the conservative movement made with Trump (and secular Republicans before him), except that they’re actually getting something out of it. They’ve got Mike Pence as Trump’s backup, they’ve got a whole new class of religious conservative judges on the bench, and they’re aligned with Trump’s policy to criminalize migration into this country, which most libertarians (including the Kochs) oppose. And while Paul Ryan did give the donor class that big tax cut, the benefits of that are being eaten by Trump’s trade war. This may be why Charles (whom I’d always regarded as the more sensible brother) started pulling his lobby away from active endorsement of the Administration.

In that regard, I posted this bit on my Facebook page from a Facebook site called Progressive Libertarianism –

which captioned it, “President Donald Trump, the central planning socialist.” And this got a slight amount of blowback from “progressive” friends who gave me the standard defense that socialism is something other than the authoritarian system that was implemented by every country that actually calls itself socialist or a “People’s” government. Which is ironic for two reasons: one, the Facebook page was quoting Judd Legum, a liberal journalist formerly at Think Progress. Which leads to the second point. Liberals, the issue is not whether you agree with the assertion that socialism equals authoritarianism. The post is challenging the assertion and acting on it. If you are a libertarian or conservative and you actually believe that authoritarianism, especially command of the private sector, is a characteristic of socialism, and you support Trump as the counter to socialism, you need to wake the fuck UP.

Just as the point of challenging libertarians is not whether I believe in the leftist assertion that libertarianism is just another wing of conservatism that seeks to ban abortions so that we can fill the maternity wards and the Koch Brothers can eat the babies. The point is whether libertarians should present a position that justifies that impression among people who aren’t on the Left.

There are at least two ironies in the Koch political trajectory: One, as Jane Mayer pointed out, the Kochs’ philanthropic and political roles created certain conflicts. “For example, at the same time that David Koch has been casting himself as a champion in the fight against cancer, Koch Industries has been lobbying to prevent the E.P.A. from classifying formaldehyde, which the company produces in great quantities, as a “known carcinogen” in humans.” In the same respect, the Kochs’ alleged respect for libertarianism not only discredited the movement politically, it actually worked at cross-purposes. The best way to create a libertarian movement would have been to divorce it from the patronage of either political party. The path the Kochs took, to entwine themselves that much more deeply with the rest of the Right, actually worked against liberty, especially in their support of a populist movement that led to the likes of Sarah Palin, and then Trump. If, as Bruce Bartlett says, libertarianism was never that popular anyway, how popular was racism before the astroturf grass-roots movement? Which movement is an actual danger to democracy and which is ascendant in the “conservative” party today?

The real punch line is that the closest thing you’ve got to a grass-roots concept in American politics nowadays started with Bernie Sanders’ small-donation network, creating a path for politicians to be less dependent on the donor class, and making it more likely that real change will occur through the leftist movements that the Kochs regarded as anathema.

The example of David Koch – and why he deserves neither unqualified hatred nor praise – is an example of someone who knew better. He and Charles Koch were part of the foundation of libertarianism as an organized political movement, and they had the choice to present an alternative to the two-party system. They chose to join it, and support it. We are living with the consequence of that choice today.

REVIEW: Chaos on the Bridge

At the last Star Trek convention in Las Vegas (where William Shatner was a featured guest) my sister and I went to one of the sales booths and bought the DVD that Shatner did on the production of Star Trek: The Next Generation, entitled “Chaos on the Bridge.” Shatner both wrote and directed this documentary, which runs an hour long, so one may wish to take it with some grains of salt. For the most part, he lets his subjects, the producers, writers and stars of TNG, do the talking. But Shatner, as he does, comes up with his own arc on a subject, and he sees the development of The Next Generation under original series creator Gene Roddenberry as a study in “the struggle for power.”

Paramount Studios, which owns Star Trek, had wanted to do a new series in that universe, while Roddenberry was in many respects out in the wilderness, not just because of the failure of his post-Trek projects in the early ’70s, but because of the “epic disaster” of Star Trek: The Motion Picture with the original cast. As original series writer David Gerrold puts it, “they gave him this Emeritus status, and he was a has-been.” At the same time, the various executives at Paramount who wanted the new series were simultaneously at odds with Roddenberry and convinced that they needed him to guide the new project. There are a lot of poker metaphors around this process of gamesmanship, which is also a recurring element in Next Generation.

While Shatner doesn’t really go into his Captain Kirk persona, fans of the first series will know that Roddenberry often placed Kirk as a symbol for himself, doing scripts where Kirk was split into his good and evil selves, artificially aged and otherwise forced to deal with internal challenges to his power and command. (Ironic, given that Trek fandom also gave us the phrase ‘Mary Sue.’) There’s a brief bit where someone points out that in his prime, Roddenberry saw himself as a womanizing, man-of-action type, and so made Kirk out to be that figure, but in the late 80s, when Next Generation was made, he saw himself more as the wise guide to his staff, and so made Captain Picard more in that role, the traditional executive who dispatched orders to the away team. This less active tone was a huge challenge to the writing staff in TNG’s first two seasons, as numerous people have pointed out, because without character tensions between flawed human beings (which were a huge feature of the Original Series) there wasn’t much to go on, especially since the violence of the original series was also de-emphasized. Maurice Hurley was brought in from the action-TV genre as a de facto showrunner, and he found Roddenberry’s utopian concept of the new Federation “wackadoodle” but nevertheless saw his job as trying to maintain the show’s loyalty to that vision. It was only when the show started to lean against that formula, and take up character-focused episodes under Rick Berman and Michael Piller, that the quality really started to pick up.

To simply make TNG in the first place, Paramount had to produce it in first-run syndication, which prior to cable and Netflix was the best option for a series independent of the networks. As a result it didn’t get a lot of respect, and a lot of things, and people, fell by the wayside. Denise Crosby has talked about how she ended up quitting the show out of frustration (after negotiations that Patrick Stewart likens to the Israeli-Palestinian talks), but she also amusingly points out that the support staff was so meager that “I used to go steal food off the set of Cheers.” What I didn’t know was that similar conflicts had led to the temporary removal of Gates McFadden as the ship’s doctor and her one-season replacement by Diana Muldaur. But producers pointed out that things didn’t gell with her on the set, and Muldaur, who had been on the original show, tells Shatner, “when I worked with you, we had scenes, it was all actors… by the time you got to Star Trek: The Next Generation, it was a vast technical world that had some characters placed in it.”

Such observations make this a fascinating piece to watch. However, while Shatner confines his study to the first three years of Next Generation, he doesn’t always do so in the most organized manner, and while the one-hour length means that there isn’t too much to process, it also may not be enough in some cases. For instance, Shatner really seems to hit it off with Jonathan Frakes, but he doesn’t appear in the documentary that much. Moreover, the theme of internal power struggle is often suggested but never really elaborated, perhaps because a lot of the participants are alive and agreed to talk. However while they are not explicit, the writers and other collaborators of Gene Roddenberry are quite clear that he was suffering both physical and mental decline in his final years, and prior to Next Generation needed to kick alcohol and other recreational drugs. In this respect, it’s sort of like Shatner’s opinions of other people that he’s worked with in the past and who are no longer here to tell their side of the story.

However, most of the principals of Star Trek: The Next Generation are still here, and their story is still well worth telling. Chaos on the Bridge presents a second act for both Gene Roddenberry and the universe he created, and the drama of the piece is that, with all the things that could have happened differently, it’s amazing that it happened at all.

This Week In Racism

There’s a few things that have happened in current events that have a common thread- either implicit or explicit racism. About a week ago, Viceroy Donald Trump twitted against liberal (and black) Congressman Elijah Cummings of Maryland, referring to his district in Baltimore as “rat-infested” and going on to say that black people were “living in hell” because of Democratic politicians like him.

I think this is one of the areas that I can sort of agree with Trump, actually. The last time I was back East with my brother and my aunt and uncle, my brother took me on a drive through central Baltimore, while on another day, my uncle took me through the more suburban-style neighborhood where he and my aunt grew up. And when I was with my brother, I was looking around, and going, “I hear they call this place Charm City. It sounds like they’re overcompensating for something.”

You might as well call it, “Baltimore: The City With A Nice Personality.” Or, “Baltimore: The Camera Adds Five Pounds.”

I think to some extent, Trump is trying to appeal to people like my family back East, who were born and raised in Baltimore in the old days but for various reasons moved out. My brother was a surgical assistant years ago, and he spoke very highly of Dr. Ben Carson when he was at Johns Hopkins. Well, Carson, as Trump’s Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, wanted to have a press conference in Baltimore defending his boss on July 31, but attempted to stage it on a church property, which asked them to leave, because they hadn’t sought prior permission. A technicality, to be sure. But I don’t think the church would have been so eager to enforce the rules if they had seen association with Dr. Carson, or any association with this Administration, as a positive.

I’m pretty sure Trump doesn’t care. The political incentives of our “two” party system are such that there is little reason for Republicans to seek common ground with Democrats and every incentive to antagonize them, with Trump in particular hoping that he can get just the right people in just the right states to win the Electoral College votes he needs to repeat his 2016 victory. He is also betting that the same polarization will oblige liberals to move in the opposite direction and thus alienate the center, which liberals have been more than eager to do, with candidates at the first set of Democratic debates enthusiastically endorsing the idea of decriminalizing border crossings, which most Americans are not on board with. That is why the strategy has worked so far, and why Republicans in general prefer Trump to the more inclusive approach recommended in their 2012 “post-mortem” after Mitt Romney’s loss to President Obama. For their part, Democrats have yet to figure out that if you’re only allowed to vote for one of two parties in this system, that makes them the default NotRepublican Party, which means that in addition to all of the self-consciously woke “progressives”, they have to get the votes of all the other people who are not leftist, including people who might otherwise be Republican if not for the Party’s current attitude.

The flip side of that is that while Democrats risk alienating people who could vote for them, the problem with the Republican approach is that there was a surprising number (as in, above zero) of black and Hispanic people who voted for Trump, and who share the generally conservative, pull-yourself-up-by-your-bootstraps ethic that used to define conservatism. But “conservatism” is no longer defined by such ethics, or any ethics. As I’ve said, in the Republican Party, it no longer matters how anti-tax, anti-abortion, or pro-Israel you are. All that matters is if you can predict the color that Donald Trump says the sky will be today. And Donald Trump, by both temperament and cynicism, has chosen to divide the country rather than unite it, and in this he not only threatens to alienate white people who have those old conservative values more than they are alienated by the Democrat Left, he has already made it clear that people like Dr. Carson are anomalies in a party that has chosen to antagonize black and Hispanic people, which means that such people will become even more rare in the Republican Party, and such people who still had a place in it will leave.

The current position of the Republican Party on race is that much more critical given another bit of news from the last week. On July 30, The Atlantic had an article about a tape just released from the archives of the Nixon Library, where President Nixon had a phone conversation with Ronald Reagan, then Governor of California in 1971, discussing the United Nations vote to admit the People’s Republic of China, and Reagan referred to the African delegates, saying, “those monkeys from those African countries—damn them, they’re still uncomfortable wearing shoes!” Which of course got a big laugh from Nixon.

Look: I liked Ronald Reagan. To some extent, I’m willing to say that I still do. But I wasn’t blind to the problems with his Administration or the Reagan Republican Party in general, so my reaction to this is “disappointed, but not surprised.” After all, Reagan had Lee Atwater as an advisor, and Atwater, as a plotter of the infamous “Southern Strategy” was that much worse. But in the Atlantic article, Tim Naftali, a historical expert who helped review the National Archives tapes and recommended their release, said: “This October 1971 exchange between current and future presidents is a reminder that other presidents have subscribed to the racist belief that Africans or African Americans are somehow inferior. The most novel aspect of President Donald Trump’s racist gibes isn’t that he said them, but that he said them in public.”

Just as the demographic of NotRepublicans intersects with but is not subsumed by the demographic for woke progressives “of color”, the demographic of NotDemocrats is not – or was not – synonymous with actual Klansmen and other white nationalists. Reagan and even Nixon knew this. Mr. and Mrs. America might have felt threatened by people who didn’t look like them, but they weren’t motivated by hate, and they weren’t on board with the other aspects of the racist movement, which is basically neo-fascist. I would dare say that Reagan’s comments are more consciously racist than Trump’s, since Trump is barely conscious of anything, but by the same token, Reagan was conscious enough not to base his appeal in racism. It was “Morning in America”, not “American Carnage.” Plus which, if you wonder why anyone liked Reagan, we were coming off a Carter Administration with double-digit inflation and interest rates, with both our economic and foreign policy in crisis. In fact, it makes me question the judgment of Trumpniks who act like Obama was the “worst president we’ve ever had” (especially since some of them voted for Obama once). The economy and foreign policy under Obama had problems, but not nearly so much as with Carter. Reagan could appeal to a large number of people who thought the country was on the wrong track, but those people weren’t just the white nationalists. And this also meant that however much people like Reagan and Atwater might have agreed with racists, they didn’t try to exclude the rest of the country, because they needed the rest of the country. Trump tries to exclude the rest of the country because the Republican strategy (not just under Trump) has been to cater to the people who come out and vote no matter what, and to find legal barriers to discourage votes in minority neighborhoods and demographics like young college students. Put another way: Whatever their feelings, Reagan and Nixon did not align with outright racists because it did not make political sense. Hell, in 1999, Donald Trump refused to endorse a Pat Buchanan presidential campaign, saying: “He’s a Hitler lover. I guess he’s an anti-Semite. He doesn’t like the blacks. He doesn’t like the gays. It’s just incredible that anybody could embrace this guy. And maybe he’ll get 4 or 5 percent of the vote and it’ll be a really staunch right wacko vote.”

And now Donald Trump, and the rest of the Republican Party, align with that vote because it does make political sense.

Two more points on the subject of Reagan: First, anyone who thinks Reagan is bad hasn’t read what Winston Churchill said about Mahatma Gandhi.

Second, we didn’t actually KNOW how racist Reagan was toward black people until Trump became president.

I’m just saying.

In any case, the racism of people who are long dead is not as consequential as the encouragement of racism in the here and now. This Saturday August 3, a 21-year old from Dallas shot up a Walmart in El Paso, killing (at this count) at least 20 people with at least 20 more hospitalized. The murderer, whom I am going to refer to as the Asshole in El Paso, was identified by authorities as the author of an anti-Hispanic essay online, and referred to the mass murder at a New Zealand mosque. And last Saturday, the Gilroy Garlic Festival in California was attacked by a shooter who left his own online statement asking people to read a book from 1896 called Might is Right, endorsing “Social Darwinism” and a pseudo-Nietzchean ethic.

And just this morning, (shortly after 1 am) another shooter attacked the nightclub district in Dayton, Ohio, killing nine (including his own sister) and wounding at least 27 before being shot down by police. We do not know if he had the same “alt-right” motives as the Gilroy shooter or the AIEP.

I am personally skeptical of how much gun laws can do to reduce these situations, especially since, as in the case of the Dayton shooter, investigations of the weapons used reveal that they were purchased legally. Guns don’t kill people. Psychotic assholes who want to kill people kill people, and guns are just the most efficient way to do so. We don’t need gun control as much as we need psychotic asshole control, and unless we develop precrime technology, I don’t see how that’s going to happen.

But that raises the question: What is creating all the psychotic assholes?

I took time out of my Sunday to see Bernie Sanders give a town hall meeting at Cheyenne High School in North Las Vegas. Now, I don’t agree with everything Bernie says. Or even most things. Like, in this event, he said that health care is a right (I don’t agree) and that the “health care industry” is not designed to provide all Americans with health care in a cost-efficient way, but is designed to maximize profits for the insurance and drug companies (which is a lot harder to argue with). But the reason I followed his campaign in 2016 and why I remain interested is that he, much more than Donald Trump, actually is a threat to business-as-usual politics in this country, and that includes the mindset that politics is a business. In that regard, one of the points Sanders made today is that not only does the Senate need to return to session to take up gun bills already passed by the House, the country needs to confront the influence of the NRA on American politics. To the extent that there is a public consensus for gun control – and there has been a movement since at least Sandy Hook – it is stymied entirely by a Republican Party which in this one case is that much more synonymous with a private lobby, and because the NRA is technically more a private industry lobby than a political action committee, its priorities are that much more commercial. But to boost the gun industry, the NRA has a similar emphasis to other conservative media: you are a beleaguered individual opposed by an entire political wing out to destroy your way of life, and the only way to deal with Those People is to have a gun.

This has little to do with the Second Amendment per se, especially since the NRA in Governor Reagan’s day actually supported gun control, at least as long as it involved the Black Panthers. As with the Republican Party’s effective embrace of white supremacy, it is a mutual dynamic of their audience turning to a more radical agenda and the institution responding by becoming more radical in order to bolster itself. Either way, the culture becomes more bigoted and violent because certain people want it to be more bigoted and violent, and they want this because they see a benefit to them that they did not see before.

So if you want to change the laws that allow these sorts of things to happen – or you know the laws don’t matter as much as changing the political culture that encourages these things to happen – then you know what to do.

And you know what day next year you need to do it.